Network essentials explained

1.1 A network makes it easier to work together and share resources.


• You can share files and databases easily.

• All computers can access the internet and email.

• Everyone can use a single printer.

• You can set up an intranet and allow employees to access company resources from outside the business.

1.2 You can build a network with or without a server.


• A server is a central computer used to store files and run the network.

• Introducing a server makes your network more versatile.

• In general, if you have a small number of computers (five or fewer), a server is not required.

• You may benefit from a server if you have more computers or need to run centralised applications like a customer database.
• Setting up and managing a server can be complex. It may be easier to use cloud computing services to perform similar functions.

2.1 You may need to purchase a network server.


• A server is used to administer the network and store key files.

2.2 Unless you are opting for a totally wireless network (see 2.5) you will need cables to connect your computers together.


2.3 Unless you are opting for a totally wireless network (see 2.5) you will need cables to connect your computers together.


• The most common type of network cable is often referred to as an ‘Ethernet cable’.


  These cables are similar to telephone cables and have a plug on either end that looks a bit like a telephone connector.


• The cables are rated for speed.


  Most cables are either Cat5, Cat6 or Cat7. Choose Cat6 or Cat7 cables and equipment for the fastest speeds. You can mix different categories of equipment on the same network.

2.4 Every device you want to connect to the network must have a network adaptor.


• Most computers have a network adaptor built in.


  If not, you can buy them cheaply (around £10).


• If you are creating a wireless network, your computers need wireless adaptors.


  Most laptops have these built in. If not, you can buy plug-in adaptors or expansion cards.


• Some thin laptops and most tablet computers will only allow you to connect to the network wirelessly.


2.5 You will also need a hub or router.


• The hub or router sits at the very centre of your network.

• A router will manage the traffic on your network and ensure all computers communicate correctly.

• A hub is a simpler piece of equipment without the ability to manage network traffic.

• Opt for a router if possible.


  It will give you more flexibility and better performance.


• Make sure your router has enough connections (called ports).


  If you have five computers and one printer, you will need at least six ports.


• Some routers can connect to the internet directly. This makes it easy to share your connection.
• You may want to get a router with a built-in wireless access point too (see 2.5).


2.6 You may require a wireless access point (AP).




• An AP acts just like a hub, but uses radio links instead of wires.


  Computers with wireless adaptors connect to it to join the network.


• You can buy access points seperately, or as part of a hub or router (see 2.4).
• You may need several access points to provide wireless coverage throughout your premises.

2.7 A hardware firewall can protect your network from online security threats and hackers.


• A firewall blocks malicious internet traffic and hacking attempts.

• If you have a server, make sure a hardware firewall sits between it and your internet connection.

• Many internet routers have firewalls built in.
These are adequate if you do not have a server.

3.1 The easiest way to connect your network to the internet is to use a broadband connection.


• The cheapest type of broadband is called ADSL.


  ADSL packages cost from about £10 per month.


• If you have a basic network without a server, you can buy a router which connects directly to the internet using ADSL.

• The router also acts as the centre of your network (see 2.4), so you need to connect all your computers to it to share the internet.

• It is very easy to set up this type of internet connection sharing.

  Operating systems like Microsoft Windows will recognise the connection when you plug each computer into the router.


3.2 An ADSL connection may not be adequate.

• Many people using the connection or downloading lots of files at once will slow it down.



• With ADSL, uploading is much slower than downloading.


  This means ADSL is not usually suitable if you send out large files, or want employees to connect to your network from other locations.


• Additionally, many ADSL packages do not have guaranteed levels of service.


  You could find yourself stuck if your connection goes down.



3.3 There are other types of connection you can consider.


• Fibre connections are available across most of the UK. They are significantly faster and more reliable than ADSL - and usually worth the extra cost.

• If you have a large network or specialised needs, talk to your internet service provider and your IT supplier to establish what type of connection best fits your needs.


3.4 You should host your website separately.


• It is generally best to host your website with a specialist web host rather than using your own server.

4.1 Installing cabling will cause the biggest disturbance and take the most time.

• Install enough cabling and outlets to see you through any planned growth.


  Spare outlets let you add new computers quickly.


• Remember to install a cable that runs to your wireless access points. These are often located on the ceiling.


4.2 Install network hardware once the infrastructure is in place. 


• Connect the network server and one desktop computer to configure the system.

• Check all parts of the network server are working correctly.

• Install any other communications hardware you need, such as routers.


4.3 Install the network software.

• Configure the network operating system software using the test desktop computer.

• Install any network applications on the main server.

• Run a full backup and check it carefully.

• Configure one of the desktop computers.

• Configure and run any network management software you use.

• Copy the desk configuration to each PC once you are confident the system is working.


• Establish access rights and passwords for individual users.

5.1 Control access with usernames and passwords.


• Each user of the network should have their own username and password.

• Only grant each of your employees access to the resources they need.


5.2 Use security software on all your company computers and servers.


• Good security software will protect against viruses, spyware, Trojans, hackers and other online threats.


5.3 Use multiple firewalls:


• Firewalls protect your computers from people trying to access them over the internet.

• You should install firewall software on every computer.

• A single hardware firewall between your internet connection and network will provide extra protection.


5.4 Keep your server in a secure location and follow good IT security practice.

6.1 A typical small network only demands a few hours’ attention each week, if that.


There is little complexity involved.


6.2 A medium-sized network with a server and 10 to 100 computers needs at least one person working full-time to manage it.


There may be more complex issues about who can access information and programs:



6.3 You may need two or more people to provide network support if a large network is central to your business.